Double axe from the Arkalochori Cave on Crete with 4 signs in Minoan Linear A.

Double axe from the Arkalochori Cave on Crete, from the Late Minoan IA Period, dating to c.1550-1500 BC. The axe is made from a thin sheet of gold and a hollow gold shaft. Four characters in an un-deciphered script (Linear A) were incised on one blade of the axe. These might represent an offering to Demeter and is was deposited in a sacred cave as a votive offering.

There are hundreds of bronze double-axes, 25 golden ones and 7 silver, all from the Cave of Arkalochori. One of these double-axes made of silver, which is now in the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion (AR Zf 2), has 4 signs in Minoan Linear A.

Gold dThe Linear A Inscription from Arkalochori

The Minoan inscriptions from Arkalochori were studied by Nikolaos Boufidis, shortly following the decipherment of Linear B, by Michael Ventris in 1952, and can tentatively be read as I-DA-MA-TE when compared to the phonetic sound values of Mycenaean Linear B as a working hypothesis.

A related inscription has now also been found on a stone vase from the Peak Sanctuary at “Aghios Georgios sto Vouno” above the Minoan settlement/harbour of Kastri on the island of Kythera, and in visual contact with Crete, which can tentatively be read as DA-MA-TE (KY Za 2), which would appear to be another reference to the Mother Goddess of Minoan Crete. This object from Kythera is very similar to the inscribed ladle from Troulos at Archanes (TL Za 1).

The Mother Goddess of Minoan Crete continued receiving offerings even after the cave roof collapsed over the entrance which was facing South. The hill has been occupied since Neolithic times, and has continued to be throughout the Minoan, Greek, Roman and Hellenistic periods etc., until today, as a place of both inhabitation and worship.

Ventris, Michael George Francis (1922–1956)

British linguist, known for his translation of previously undecipherable scripts and the theory that Linear B was an archaic form of the Greek language. Although born in Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire, he grew up in Switzerland and was therefore able to speak French and German as well as English. From his Polish mother he acquired Polish and he was known to have a talent for learning languages, including the ancient Greek and Latin he studied at school. He had no formal linguistics training and started out as an architecture student.

As a schoolboy, Ventris attended a lecture by Sir Arthur Evans on undeciphered Minoan scripts and he became fascinated by their decipherment and the study of similar ancient texts. The script in question, called Linear B, was found on tablets dating from the middle of the 2nd millennium bc that were discovered by Evans in 1900 in Crete. While Evans ruled out any possibility that Linear B could have been connected with Greek, Ventris noticed some possible similarities in the word endings and, pursuing this clue, he began to outline the structure of the language, which he believed seemed similar to Greek. He was able to decipher much of the text and show that it was Mycenaean. In doing so he upended Evans`s theory that the scripts (and civilization in Crete at the time they were written) were Minoan.

The Arcado-Cyprian dialect, about which very little is known, is the descendant of a form spoken in Mycenaean times in at least the Peloponnese and some of the southern islands. The deciphering (1952) of the so-called Linear B script (by British linguist Michael Ventris), examples of which were found on tablets during the excavations made in Crete and on the mainland of Greece after 1900, revealed it as an ancestor (1500-1400 bc) of Arcado-Cyprian. These researches indicate that the Greeks were a literate people many hundreds of years before the period of the first Greek poet, Homer (probably the 9th century bc). 

Most scholars of today accept Ventris`s theory that Linear B was related to the Greek language.

Ventris`s life was cut short when he died in a car accident, shortly before a collaboration with John Chadwick, Documents in Mycenaean Greek (1956), was published.